Tuesday, December 10, 2013
Sunday, November 17, 2013
Eyes on the Prize: Aint Scared of Your Jails
1. What did John Lewis say about the way the students dressed and the manner in which they entered the sit-ins? Why do you think they were so particular?
- He describes them, by saying they looked like they were dressed to go to church, and they walked into the local stores in a orderly- peaceful manner, and very quietly took a seat at the lunch counters. I think they were so particular in making their presence as harmful and peacefully as possible, because they wanted to shift the attention on how the whites would act so aggressive and violent towards them, and the only thing the Blacks had did to provoke that, was sit in a segregated area.
- Black merchants would provide food to those in jail and home owners would put up money for bail.
- In Nashville, in 1960, "negro buying power" was estimated at 50 million dollars a year, with 10 million spent in the downtown stores alone. This policy was basically used to put pressure on the mayor and the political side of Nashville to make their rules equal, by controlling how much the black population spent their money at white stores.
4. How did boycotters respond to African Americans who tried to shop at white owned stores? What are your thoughts on their methods?
- They sent down educated committees to convince them that was not the thing to do. They didn't hurt them, but they did snatch and tear things away from them so that they would hall on the ground, and they told them to stay out of town. And the word spread quickly, not to go down town.
- SNCC stands for Student Non-violence Coordinating Committee. Ella Baker advised the students to stay independent of adult organizations, because the students should set the goals and directions to maintain the control of the student movement.
- He gained more African American votes toward his presidency election, that helped him win.
- To put the pressure on President Kennedy to ban segregated interstate travel. An interracial group would ride through the South; whites sitting in the back and blacks sitting in the front, and they would remain sited even if demanded otherwise. Also when they would stop at rest stops, the white riders would use the black facilities and the black riders would use the white facilities.
- They violently beat them up along with the black freedom riders, because they were so astonished by them willing to help blacks.
- They stood their grounds and continued to fight for their rights, despite the mobs
Friday, November 1, 2013
African American Involvement in the War
A.A. Soldiers in WWII Helped Pave the Way...
1.) Before 1941 African Americans only served a supportive role of the soldiers in World War II, but in 1941 that role shifted. African American civil rights leaders had pressured the government enough to convince them to set up an all black combat units as an experiment. This experiment was designed to see if African Americans could perform tasks at the same level as whites in the military.
2.) "Double V" was the symbol of black participation at the time. "Double V" meant two victories: victory against the enemy aboard and victory against the enemy at home (racism, discrimination, Jim Crow, prejudice, etc.).
3.) In World War II there weren't as many black troops in the military, as opposed to how many there were in the Vietnam War. World War II served as a breaking grounds for African Americans to enter the military, whereas in the Vietnam War, the military was fully integrated and black soldiers were on the front lines. According to Mr. De Shields: "The Vietnam War was the one war in which blacks did it all. They were the generals, they were the leaders, they flew the airplanes, they drove the tanks, they were in combat units, they led troops in battle, they did it all and they did it well so there was nothing left to prove."
4.) I think the pressure of being the first trained group of Black piolets helped motivate the Tuskgee Airman to be the best airman in the military, because it gave them a sense of power, honor, and something to prove.
3 Women Red Tails Left Out
1.) Bethune's position as head of the "Negro Section" of the NYA helped benefit the Red Tails, by her getting the governments support in opening up training programs on the campuses of historically black colleges and universities.
2.) Brown played a critical role in promoting the image of black aviators to help fight racial prejudice and expand opportunities for all blacks and she convinced the paper to cover the associations air show.
3.) In 1941 Eleanor Roosevelt convinced Rosenwald Fund to help expand the pilot-training program at Tuskegee.
4.) I think these women have been left out of the spotlight of this particular history, because women have always been perceived as less importance and their roles aren't celebrated as much as the opposite gender.
Standing Tall on Giant Shoulders...
1.) Dovey Roundtree’s connection to Bethune originated in the friendship that Roundtree’s grandmother, Rachel Graham, forged in the 1920’s, when Bethune was barnstorming through the South to recruit members for her National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs. Roundtree’s grandma and Bethune's status placed them within the same orbit, and the two formed a bond born out of their common passion for justice.
2.) Bethune saw military service as a way for African Americans to break down walls that had proven impenetrable by any other means.
3.) Both Bethune and the First Lady, Roosevelt, shared the common goal of bringing African American Women into the military as first class of WAAC officers, but feared racial trouble. The new plan involved waiting until the Corps was underway, and admitting black officer trainees later. But Dr. Bethune would not relinquish the historical role she’d carved out for the 40 African American women she’d personally selected to enter the Corps.
4.) Roundtree spent 40 years paying back Bethune by serving as General Counsel, pro bono, to the National Council of Negro Women, the organization Bethune founded. And in every forum where she spoke, she invoked Dr. Bethune’s name.
5.) Bethune had a tremendous effect on Roundtree's life, in a positive way.
1.) Before 1941 African Americans only served a supportive role of the soldiers in World War II, but in 1941 that role shifted. African American civil rights leaders had pressured the government enough to convince them to set up an all black combat units as an experiment. This experiment was designed to see if African Americans could perform tasks at the same level as whites in the military.
2.) "Double V" was the symbol of black participation at the time. "Double V" meant two victories: victory against the enemy aboard and victory against the enemy at home (racism, discrimination, Jim Crow, prejudice, etc.).
3.) In World War II there weren't as many black troops in the military, as opposed to how many there were in the Vietnam War. World War II served as a breaking grounds for African Americans to enter the military, whereas in the Vietnam War, the military was fully integrated and black soldiers were on the front lines. According to Mr. De Shields: "The Vietnam War was the one war in which blacks did it all. They were the generals, they were the leaders, they flew the airplanes, they drove the tanks, they were in combat units, they led troops in battle, they did it all and they did it well so there was nothing left to prove."
4.) I think the pressure of being the first trained group of Black piolets helped motivate the Tuskgee Airman to be the best airman in the military, because it gave them a sense of power, honor, and something to prove.
3 Women Red Tails Left Out
1.) Bethune's position as head of the "Negro Section" of the NYA helped benefit the Red Tails, by her getting the governments support in opening up training programs on the campuses of historically black colleges and universities.
2.) Brown played a critical role in promoting the image of black aviators to help fight racial prejudice and expand opportunities for all blacks and she convinced the paper to cover the associations air show.
3.) In 1941 Eleanor Roosevelt convinced Rosenwald Fund to help expand the pilot-training program at Tuskegee.
4.) I think these women have been left out of the spotlight of this particular history, because women have always been perceived as less importance and their roles aren't celebrated as much as the opposite gender.
Standing Tall on Giant Shoulders...
1.) Dovey Roundtree’s connection to Bethune originated in the friendship that Roundtree’s grandmother, Rachel Graham, forged in the 1920’s, when Bethune was barnstorming through the South to recruit members for her National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs. Roundtree’s grandma and Bethune's status placed them within the same orbit, and the two formed a bond born out of their common passion for justice.
2.) Bethune saw military service as a way for African Americans to break down walls that had proven impenetrable by any other means.
3.) Both Bethune and the First Lady, Roosevelt, shared the common goal of bringing African American Women into the military as first class of WAAC officers, but feared racial trouble. The new plan involved waiting until the Corps was underway, and admitting black officer trainees later. But Dr. Bethune would not relinquish the historical role she’d carved out for the 40 African American women she’d personally selected to enter the Corps.
4.) Roundtree spent 40 years paying back Bethune by serving as General Counsel, pro bono, to the National Council of Negro Women, the organization Bethune founded. And in every forum where she spoke, she invoked Dr. Bethune’s name.
5.) Bethune had a tremendous effect on Roundtree's life, in a positive way.
Tuesday, October 22, 2013
The Harlem Renaissance, The Gravey Movement and The New Negro
Marcus Gravey Mini Bio1.) Marcus Gravey influenced some of the best Black activists, such as, Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Nelson Mandela.
2.) The U.N.I.A. was about black self-determination, self-pride, and pride in ones race. It was also about "galvanizing the ideas of black repatriation to the mother land of Africa."
3.) The Black Star Line was a shipping company, in which Garvey planned to use it to transport passengers back to Africa.
4.) I think Garvey was so supportive and cooperative with white supremacist's who wanted to send Blacks back to Africa, because that was a goal of his when he started the Black Star Line.
Harlem 1900-1940
1.) Just like "Black Wall Street" Harlem had was highly and mainly populated by Blacks. The Blacks in Harlem were entrepreneurs too; they were store owners, real-estate brokers, funeral directors, and providers of of other skilled services for their community.
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2.) The Negro World, was a journal published by Marcus Gravey, that promoted his African nationalist ideas. Like the NAACP, Garvey campaigned against lynching, Jim Crow laws, denial of black voting rights and racial discrimination.
"A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin is like a tree without roots." In this quote Gravey, is basically questioning how can you call yourself apart of ones heritage and do not know any of your history.
"If you have no confidence in self, you are twice defeated in the race of life." This quote by Gravey is insinuating, how if you do not have confidence in yourself, then how do you expect someone else to believe in you.
3.) The banners from the Silent Protest read, "Mother, do lynchers go to Heaven" "Mr. President why not make America safe for democracy," "Thou shalt not kill," "Pray for the Lady Macbeths of East St. Louis" and "Give us a chance to live." In the small article, it doesn't clarify what roles the children played in the march, but if i had to guess, I would say the children were and wanted to be involved in the march, because they wanted others to see that they too are victimized.
4.) Jack Johnson beat Tommy Burns while dancing around the ring and taunting, similar to how Ali did 50 years later.The "Great White Hope" was the search of a white man to beat Jack Johnson and strip his championship title away from him. After Johnson's boxing career, he opened his own super club in Harlem named, Club Deluxe, at 142nd Street and Lenox Avenue.
5.) The NY Black Yankees played in the Negro National League from 1936-1948. The team was founded in Harlem. On the teams hectic schedule, it just mentioned that he was punishing. Bill "Bojangles" Robinson is best known as a tap dancer and actor of stage and film.
Thursday, October 17, 2013
Race Riots: Rosewood and Black Wall Street
The Destruction of Black Wall Street
1.) Greenwood community had such luxuries as, indoor plumbing and a school system that superiorly educated Black children, that created envy between its neighbors.
2.) I think Greenwood gained the nickname "Little Africa", because the town was transformed into a little community amongst all African American's there were they ran their own businesses, created proficient school systems and build churches.
3.) I think Greenwood was labeled "Black Wall Street" because of how the African American community there created so many entrepreneurial opportunities for themselves. They created business centers that included banks, hotels, cafes, clothiers, movie theaters, and contemporary homes.
4.) The National Guard arrested and detained 6,000 black Tulsans during the span of the riots, so their response to the massacre just added fuel to the fire, they weren't on the blacks Tulsans side.
Tulsa Race Riot Today Show
1.) It was described as a community exploding with opportunity; they had just about every business imaginative own by blacks, from plumbing to shoe shinning to grocery stores.
2.) Dick Rolland was the name of the young man that "assaulted" the white woman. This lynching separates itself from any other lynching we have learned about in this class thust far, because it was the start of a huge race riot/ massacre.
3.) The interviewers describe the day of the massacre as a "nightmere" and how they were in fear of losing their lives, because the lynch mobs were setting their houses on fire, and just walking up to blacks and shooting them.
The Rosewood Massacre
1.) I think it took so many years to uncover Rosewood, because like Ms. Minnie Lee, a lot of the victims did not like to speak on the chain of events that took place. At the end of the video Ms. Minnie Lee, admits that she did not want her family to know that she was in the woods fearing for her life, and that she also didn't want them to know what a terrible thing the white people did to her family and many others.
2.) Ms. Minnie Lee recalls the Rosewood Massacre as a haunted memory. She speaks on how as a young girl the whites burned down her grandmothers house and all their belongs, and how they made her grandfather, with one arm, dig his own grave and then shot him in the back as he stood right in front of it, so he could fall in it.
3.) A man attacking Fanny Taylor in her home is what caused the Massacre.
4.) According to Mr. Fred KIrkland about 700 whites joined the mob. To those running out to the woods, they were shot dead.
5.) John Wright owned a general store and his home was one of a few that survived the fires from the massacre. Wright is remembered as a hero, because he opened up his home to women and children who were running from the mob, and sent out a message to the train, telling them " the town was on fire, send a train." This train helped many blacks escape.
6.) I think Ms. Minnie Lee, like many other victims of racism back then, never spoke on the massacre to her family, because it is something that hurts her deeply and she may be ashamed of that she ever had to whiteness such.
1.) Greenwood community had such luxuries as, indoor plumbing and a school system that superiorly educated Black children, that created envy between its neighbors.
2.) I think Greenwood gained the nickname "Little Africa", because the town was transformed into a little community amongst all African American's there were they ran their own businesses, created proficient school systems and build churches.
3.) I think Greenwood was labeled "Black Wall Street" because of how the African American community there created so many entrepreneurial opportunities for themselves. They created business centers that included banks, hotels, cafes, clothiers, movie theaters, and contemporary homes.
4.) The National Guard arrested and detained 6,000 black Tulsans during the span of the riots, so their response to the massacre just added fuel to the fire, they weren't on the blacks Tulsans side.
Tulsa Race Riot Today Show
1.) It was described as a community exploding with opportunity; they had just about every business imaginative own by blacks, from plumbing to shoe shinning to grocery stores.
2.) Dick Rolland was the name of the young man that "assaulted" the white woman. This lynching separates itself from any other lynching we have learned about in this class thust far, because it was the start of a huge race riot/ massacre.
3.) The interviewers describe the day of the massacre as a "nightmere" and how they were in fear of losing their lives, because the lynch mobs were setting their houses on fire, and just walking up to blacks and shooting them.
The Rosewood Massacre
1.) I think it took so many years to uncover Rosewood, because like Ms. Minnie Lee, a lot of the victims did not like to speak on the chain of events that took place. At the end of the video Ms. Minnie Lee, admits that she did not want her family to know that she was in the woods fearing for her life, and that she also didn't want them to know what a terrible thing the white people did to her family and many others.
2.) Ms. Minnie Lee recalls the Rosewood Massacre as a haunted memory. She speaks on how as a young girl the whites burned down her grandmothers house and all their belongs, and how they made her grandfather, with one arm, dig his own grave and then shot him in the back as he stood right in front of it, so he could fall in it.
3.) A man attacking Fanny Taylor in her home is what caused the Massacre.
4.) According to Mr. Fred KIrkland about 700 whites joined the mob. To those running out to the woods, they were shot dead.
5.) John Wright owned a general store and his home was one of a few that survived the fires from the massacre. Wright is remembered as a hero, because he opened up his home to women and children who were running from the mob, and sent out a message to the train, telling them " the town was on fire, send a train." This train helped many blacks escape.
6.) I think Ms. Minnie Lee, like many other victims of racism back then, never spoke on the massacre to her family, because it is something that hurts her deeply and she may be ashamed of that she ever had to whiteness such.
Thursday, September 26, 2013
Mrs. Ida B. and Without Sanctuary Responses
1.) As stated in the article, Mrs. Ida B. experienced her first fight when the conductor of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad Company asked her to give up her seat to a white man and directed her to the “Jim Crow” car. Once she had returned to Memphis after this encounter, she sued the railroad company.
2.) Mrs. Ida B. three friends were lynched because their small grocery store had stole the loyal customers of other competing white businesses. So a group of white men took it upon themselves to “eliminate” the black competition (People’s Grocery Company), by murdering them. The city of Memphis did not take action, and since the African American citizens were outnumbered and without arms, they took it upon themselves to save their money and eventually leave town.
3.) Wells continued her anti-lynching crusade in Chicago by writing Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases, she help form several African American women reform organizations, and she also became a worker for women’s suffrage.
4.) Wells was the first Black woman to run for public office in the United States.
1.) Clyde Johnson
a. Yreka, California
b. August 3, 1935
c. Accused of killing Jack Daw, a white man
2.) Bennie Simmons
a. Anadarko, Oklahoma
b. June 13, 1913
c. Accused of the murder of, 16 year old, Susie Church
3.) Two Italian immigrants: Castenego Flcarrotta and Angelo Albano
a. Tampa, Florida
b. September 9, 1910
c. Accused of union sympathy and of shooting J. F. Esterling, a book keeper for the West Tampa cigar factory.
4.) Allen Brooks
a. Dallas, Texas
b. March 3, 1910
c. Accused Brooks of being with his boss missing 3 year old daughter in the barn and found “evidence of brutal treatment.”
5.) Dick Robertson
a. Pritchard Station, Alabama
b. October 6, 1906
c. Accused of assaulting a white woman
6.) Henry Lee
a. Sailsbury, North Carolina
b. August 3, 1906
c. Accused of murdering members of the Lyerly family
Thursday, September 19, 2013
Friday 9/20 responses
1.) The simple fact of what Harriet Tubman stood for and still stands for, along with what she did for our people, with out hesitation I can say that this video was unacceptable and disrespectful. Jamilah
Lamieux felt that the video was also very problematic on every level. She "it is a prodigy in how desensitize a lot of people are when it comes to history, because our culture is so use to casual disrespect of black woman." She thought the line of disrespect was clearly crossed by portraying Tubman in the manner that was done. On the other hand Hip-hop icon, Russel Simmons, from my perception, did not see any wrong in the video and the message it was trying to imply, that "162 years later, there is still tremendous injustice." Simultaneously, he understands how others took the video negatively and took it down with the statement "I would never condone violence against women in any form" followed by an apology for whoever he may have offended. Jeff Johnson's reaction to video was, that he felt like it was directly our fault for there being multiple generations of our people not having any historical context. And that is the only logically explanation for why someone would feel comfortable with making that video.
2.) British ship's doctor, William Dunlop, discovered Sarah Baartman in Cape Town and decided to bring her over to Europe to display her as a "freak", a "scientific curiosity" and to make money from these display shows. It is not known what made her travel with him, but he offered to give her a sharing of what he made off of her. Baartman was given the nickname "Hottentot Venus", where "hottentot" took on derogatory connotations and "Venus" being a cruel reference to Baartman being "a reference to Baartman an object of admiration and adoration instead of the object of leering and abuse that she became." After her death a plaster cast of her body was made. Then came the removal of her skeleton and, after removing her brain and genitals, they were displayed in bottles at theMusee de l’Hommein Paris. Some years later, President Nelson Mandela requested that her remains be sent back home.
Lamieux felt that the video was also very problematic on every level. She "it is a prodigy in how desensitize a lot of people are when it comes to history, because our culture is so use to casual disrespect of black woman." She thought the line of disrespect was clearly crossed by portraying Tubman in the manner that was done. On the other hand Hip-hop icon, Russel Simmons, from my perception, did not see any wrong in the video and the message it was trying to imply, that "162 years later, there is still tremendous injustice." Simultaneously, he understands how others took the video negatively and took it down with the statement "I would never condone violence against women in any form" followed by an apology for whoever he may have offended. Jeff Johnson's reaction to video was, that he felt like it was directly our fault for there being multiple generations of our people not having any historical context. And that is the only logically explanation for why someone would feel comfortable with making that video.
2.) British ship's doctor, William Dunlop, discovered Sarah Baartman in Cape Town and decided to bring her over to Europe to display her as a "freak", a "scientific curiosity" and to make money from these display shows. It is not known what made her travel with him, but he offered to give her a sharing of what he made off of her. Baartman was given the nickname "Hottentot Venus", where "hottentot" took on derogatory connotations and "Venus" being a cruel reference to Baartman being "a reference to Baartman an object of admiration and adoration instead of the object of leering and abuse that she became." After her death a plaster cast of her body was made. Then came the removal of her skeleton and, after removing her brain and genitals, they were displayed in bottles at theMusee de l’Hommein Paris. Some years later, President Nelson Mandela requested that her remains be sent back home.
3.) The uproar came about when the Minister of Culture of Sweden was photographed cutting into a cake resembling an naked African Women, which also had blood-red sponge. According to Lena Liljeroth the cake was designed to highlight the issue of female genital mutilation and degrading stereotypes of black people through history.
4.) The similar tie between 2Chainz video and the Sweden controversy, is that they both involved a cake representing a woman of an African descent and that neither one of the parties were intentionally trying to be derogatory towards black women. This should not be a factor in what makes one or the other acceptable and unacceptable, but because 2Chainz displayed this image through the hip hop culture, we have taken the matter very lightly, opposed to how we would if another ethnicity did the same. The Minister of Culture of Sweden issue is a perfect example of how things are so quickly taken negatively and disrespectful when another ethnicity icons are women. This lady had to resign from her job for even being associated with cutting the cake, but 2chainz was rewarded in multiple ways for his ignorance.
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